Medical scores

This is a collection of popular medical scores. Also check out MedCalc for other useful calculators.

#4Ts Score for HIT

Source: Lo GK, et al. (2006)

The 4Ts Score assesses the probability of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia based on clinical features.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Thrombocytopenia (Platelet count decrease) 0 <30% decrease or nadir <10,000/µL
1 30-50% decrease and nadir 10,000-19,000/µL
2 >50% decrease and nadir ≥20,000/µL
Timing of platelet count decrease 0 Decrease ≤4 days without recent heparin exposure
1 Unclear decrease between 5-10 days, decrease >10 days or ≤1 day with recent heparin exposure within 30-100 days
2 Decrease 5-10 days or ≤1 day with recent heparin exposure within ≤30 days
Thrombosis or other sequelae 0 None
1 Progressive or recurrent or suspected thrombosis, non-necrotic skin changes, erythematous skin changes after heparin bolus
2 New thrombosis (DVT, PE, etc.), skin necrosis, acute systemic reaction post-IV heparin bolus
Other causes for thrombocytopenia 0 Definite
1 Possible
2 None
0
Score Probability of HIT (Type II)
0-3 Low probability
4-5 Intermediate probability
6-8 High probability

#ABCD2 Score

Source: Johnston SC, et al. (2007)

The ABCD2 Score estimates the risk of stroke within 2 days after a transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Criteria Points Description ✅
Age 0 Less than 60 years
1 60 years or older
Blood Pressure 0 Systolic BP < 140 mm Hg and Diastolic BP < 90 mm Hg
1 Systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg or Diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg
Clinical Features 0 Other symptoms
1 Speech disturbance without weakness
2 Unilateral weakness
Duration of Symptoms 0 Less than 10 minutes
1 10-59 minutes
2 60 minutes or more
Diabetes 0 No
1 Yes
0
Score 2-Day Stroke Risk 7-Day Stroke Risk 90-Day Stroke Risk
0-3 1.0% 1.2% 3.1%
4-5 4.1% 5.9% 9.8%
6-7 8.1% 11.7% 17.4%

#Alvarado Score

Source: Alvarado A. (1986)

The Alvarado Score aids in the efficient diagnosis of appendicitis, helping to decide which patients should undergo imaging or receive surgical intervention.

Mnemonic Criteria Points ✅
M Symptoms: Migration of pain to the right lower quadrant 1
A Symptoms: Anorexia or ketonuria 1
N Symptoms: Nausea or vomiting 1
T Signs: Right lower quadrant tenderness 2
R Signs: Rebound pain 1
E Signs: Elevated temperature (≥37.3°C) 1
L Laboratory: Leukocytosis (>10,000 cells/mm³) 2
S Laboratory: Leukocyte left shift (75% or more neutrophils) 1
0
Score Assessment
1-4 Low probability of appendicitis.
5-6 Intermediate probability of appendicitis.
7-8 Probable appendicitis.
9-10 Highly likely appendicitis.

#Apfel Score for PONV

Source: Apfel CC, Läärä E, Koivuranta M, Greim CA, Roewer N. (1999)

The Apfel Score assesses the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting based on clinical criteria.

Criteria Points ✅
Female gender 1
Non-smoker 1
History of PONV or motion sickness 1
Postoperative opioid use 1
0
Score Risk of PONV
0 10%
1 21%
2 39%
3 61%
4 79%

#APGAR Score

Source: Virginia Apgar (1952)

This score assesses the general physical condition of a newborn infant. If an infant scores below 7, they might need medical attention.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Appearance (skin color) 0 Blue or pale all over
1 Blue at extremities
2 Normal (even pink color)
Pulse (heart rate) 0 Absent
1 <100 beats per minute
2 ≥100 beats per minute
Grimace (reflex response) 0 No response to stimulation
1 Grimace or weak cry when stimulated
2 Pulls away, sneezes, coughs, or cries vigorously when stimulated
Activity (muscle tone) 0 Limp or no movement
1 Some flexion of arms and legs
2 Active motion or movement
Respiration 0 Absent
1 Slow or irregular breathing
2 Good strong cry or regular breathing
0
Score Assessment
0-3 Critically low
4-6 Fairly low
7-10 Generally normal

#Centor Criteria

Source: Centor RM, et al. (1981)

Used to assess the likelihood of streptococcal pharyngitis in patients presenting with a sore throat. It helps guide testing and treatment decisions.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Tonsillar exudate 1 Presence of a white or yellow exudate on the tonsils
Tender anterior cervical adenopathy 1 Swelling and pain in the front part of the neck
Fever by history 1 Patient reports having a fever
Absence of cough 1 No cough reported by the patient
0
Score Assessment
0-2 Low risk: 2-15% chance of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection. No testing or antibiotics required.
3 Moderate risk: 30-35% chance of GAS infection. Consider rapid strep testing.
4 High risk: 50-60% chance of GAS infection. Consider rapid strep testing or empirical antibiotics / delayed prescription.

#CHA2DS2-VASc Score

Source: 2010 ESC Guidelines on Atrial Fibrillation

Helps determine the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and can guide anticoagulation therapy.

Mnemonic Criteria Points ✅
C Congestive heart failure 1
H Hypertension 1
A Age 75 years or older 2
D Diabetes mellitus 1
S Stroke or TIA or thromboembolism 2
V Vascular disease 1
A Age 65–74 years 1
Sc Female (Sex category) 1
0
Score Risk for Men Risk for Women
0 Low risk n. a.
1 Moderate risk Low risk
2 High risk Moderate risk
≥3 High risk High risk

#Child-Pugh Score

Source: Child CG, Turcotte JG. (1964)

The Child-Pugh Score provides a prognostic estimate for chronic liver disease, especially cirrhosis. It is based on clinical and laboratory parameters.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Bilirubin (total, mg/dL) 1 <2
2 2-3
3 >3
Serum albumin (g/dL) 1 >3.5
2 2.8-3.5
3 <2.8
INR (prothrombin time) 1 <1.7
2 1.7-2.2
3 >2.2
Ascites 1 Absent
2 Moderate
3 Severe
Hepatic encephalopathy 1 None
2 Grade I-II (or suppressed with medication)
3 Grade III-IV (or refractory)
0
Score Class Assessment
5-6 A Well compensated disease; 1-year survival: 100%; 2-year survival: 85%
7-9 B Significant functional compromise; 1-year survival: 80%; 2-year survival: 60%
10-15 C De-compensated disease; 1-year survival: 45%; 2-year survival: 35%

#CIWA-Ar

Source: Sullivan JT, et al. (1989)

The CIWA-Ar is a validated tool that quantifies the severity of alcohol withdrawal, guiding therapy decisions.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Nausea and Vomiting 0 No nausea and no vomiting
1 Mild nausea with no vomiting
2 [More severe symptoms]
3 [More severe symptoms]
4 Intermittent nausea with dry heaves
5 [More severe symptoms]
6 [More severe symptoms]
7 Constant nausea, frequent dry heaves and vomiting
Tremor 0 No tremor
1 Not visible, but can be felt fingertip to fingertip
2 [More severe symptoms]
3 [More severe symptoms]
4 Moderate, with patient's arms extended
5 [More severe symptoms]
6 [More severe symptoms]
7 Severe, even with arms not extended
Paroxysmal Sweats 0 No sweat visible
1 Barely perceptible sweating, palms moist
2 [More severe symptoms]
3 [More severe symptoms]
4 Beads of sweat obvious on forehead
5 [More severe symptoms]
6 [More severe symptoms]
7 Drenching sweats
Anxiety 0 No anxiety, at ease
1 Mildly anxious
2 [More severe symptoms]
3 [More severe symptoms]
4 Moderately anxious, or guarded, so anxiety is inferred
5 [More severe symptoms]
6 [More severe symptoms]
7 Equivalent to acute panic states as seen in severe delirium or acute schizophrenic reactions
Agitation 0 Normal activity
1 Somewhat more than normal activity
2 [More severe symptoms]
3 [More severe symptoms]
4 Moderately fidgety and restless
5 [More severe symptoms]
6 [More severe symptoms]
7 Paces back and forth during most of the interview, or constantly thrashes about
Tactile Disturbances 0 None
1 Very mild itching, pins and needles, burning or numbness
2 Mild itching, pins and needles, burning or numbness
3 Moderate itching, pins and needles, burning or numbness
4 Moderately severe hallucinations
5 Severe hallucinations
6 Extremely severe hallucinations
7 Continuous hallucinations
Auditory Disturbances 0 Not present
1 Very mild harshness or ability to frighten
2 Mild harshness or ability to frighten
3 Moderate harshness or ability to frighten
4 Moderately severe hallucinations
5 Severe hallucinations
6 Extremely severe hallucinations
7 Continuous hallucinations
Visual Disturbances 0 Not present
1 Very mild sensitivity
2 Mild sensitivity
3 Moderate sensitivity
4 Moderately severe hallucinations
5 Severe hallucinations
6 Extremely severe hallucinations
7 Continuous hallucinations
Headache, Fullness in Head 0 Not present
1 Very mild
2 Mild
3 Moderate
4 Moderately severe
5 Severe
6 Very severe
7 Extremely severe
Orientation and Clouding of Sensorium 0 Oriented and can do serial additions
1 Cannot do serial additions or is uncertain about date
2 Disoriented for date by no more than 2 calendar days
3 Disoriented for date by more than 2 calendar days
4 Disoriented for place and/or person
0
Score Severity Recommendation
≤8 Absent or minimal Routine outpatient care, consider home detoxification
9-19 Mild to moderate Consider inpatient treatment or close outpatient follow-up
≥20 Severe Hospital admission recommended

#CURB-65

Source: Lim WS, et al. (2003)

CURB-65 helps to assess pneumonia severity and guide decisions on hospital admission.

Mnemonic Criteria Points ✅
C Confusion (New disorientation in person, place, or time) 1
U Blood Urea Nitrogen > 19 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) 1
R Respiratory rate ≥ 30 breaths/min 1
B Blood pressure: Systolic < 90 mmHg or Diastolic ≤ 60 mmHg 1
65 Age ≥ 65 years 1
0
Score Risk Recommendation
0-1 Low Outpatient care
2 Intermediate Inpatient consideration
3-5 High Hospitalize or consider ICU

#Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Source: G. Teasdale and B. Jennett (1974)

Used to assess and document a patient's level of consciousness after a head injury. It consists of three tests: eye (E), verbal (V), and motor responses (M). The lowest GCS score is 3 (deep coma or death), while the highest is 15 (fully awake). For special situations, specific notations are used: 'V1t' is noted when a patient is intubated, and 'E1c' is used when eyes are closed for reasons other than neurological impairment, such as severe facial swelling.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Eye Opening 1 Does not open eyes
2 Opens eyes in response to pain
3 Opens eyes in response to voice
4 Opens eyes spontaneously
Verbal Response 1 Makes no sounds
2 Incomprehensible sounds
3 Utters inappropriate words
4 Confused, disoriented
5 Oriented, converses normally
Motor Response 1 Makes no movements
2 Extension to painful stimuli (decerebrate response)
3 Abnormal flexion to painful stimuli (decorticate response)
4 Withdraws from painful stimuli
5 Localizes painful stimuli
6 Obeys commands
0
Score Assessment
3-8 Severe brain injury
9-12 Moderate brain injury
13-15 Mild brain injury
Score Assessment Possible Actions
3-8 Severe impairment of consciousness, comatose Protective intubation due to lack of protective reflexes
9-11 Moderate impairment of consciousness Prepare for intubation
12-13 Mild impairment of consciousness Monitoring
14-15 No impairment of consciousness No related actions

#HAS-BLED

Source: Pisters R, et al. (2010)

HAS-BLED estimates the risk of major bleeding for patients with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulation.

Mnemonic Criteria Points Description ✅
H Hypertension 1 Arterial hypertension
A Abnormal renal function 1 Chronic dialysis, renal transplant, or Cr >2.26 mg/dL (200 µmol/L)
Abnormal liver function 1 Cirrhosis or bilirubin >2x normal with AST/ALT/AP >3x normal
S Stroke 1 Previous history of stroke
B Bleeding 1 History of major bleeding
L Labile INRs 1 Unstable INRs or time in therapeutic range <60%
E Elderly (Age >65 years) 1 Age greater than 65
D Drugs 1 Usage increasing bleeding risk (e.g., NSAIDs, antiplatelet agents)
Alcohol 1 ≥8 drinks per week
0
Score Bleeding Risk Recommendation
0-1 Low Consider anticoagulation; routinely reassess risk factors.
2 Moderate Consider anticoagulation with regular review; correct reversible risk factors.
3-5 High Discuss risks and benefits of anticoagulation; correct reversible risk factors.
≥6 Very High Consider alternative treatments or specialist consultation; rigorous control of reversible risk factors.

#HEART Score

Source: Six AJ, et al. (2008)

The HEART Score predicts 6-week risk of major adverse cardiac events in patients presenting with chest pain.

Criteria Points Description ✅
History 0 Slightly suspicious
1 Moderately suspicious
2 Highly suspicious
ECG 0 Normal
1 Non-specific repolarization disturbance / LBBB / PM
2 Significant ST deviation
Age 0 < 45 years
1 45-64 years
2 ≥ 65 years
Risk Factors 0 No known risk factors
1 1-2 risk factors
2 ≥ 3 risk factors or history of atherosclerotic disease
Troponin 0 ≤ Normal Limit
1 1-3x Normal Limit
2 > 3x Normal Limit
0
Score 6-Week MACE Risk Recommendation
0-3 Low (<1%) Consider early discharge
4-6 Moderate (12%) Admit for clinical evaluation
7-10 High (65%) Consider early invasive strategies

#Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS)

Source: Subbe CP, et al. (2001)

MEWS is used to identify patients at risk of clinical deterioration in hospital settings.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 3 ≤70
2 71-80
1 81-100
0 101-199
2 ≥200
Heart Rate (per minute) 3 ≤40
1 41-50
0 51-100
1 101-110
2 111-129
3 ≥130
Respiratory Rate (per minute) 2 <9
0 9-14
1 15-20
2 21-29
3 ≥30
Temperature (°C) 2 <35
1 35-38.4
2 ≥38.5
AVPU (Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive) Response 0 Alert
1 Reacts to Voice
2 Reacts to Pain
3 Unresponsive
0
Score 60 days ICU or death risk Recommendation
0-2 7.9% Routine care
3-4 12.7% Increased observation; consider higher level of care if a score of 3 is reached on any single criterion.
≥5 30% Consider higher level of care

#NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)

Source: Brott T, et al. (1989)

Used to objectively quantify the impairment caused by a stroke. The NIHSS can be used as a clinical stroke assessment tool to evaluate and document neurological status in acute stroke settings.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Level of Consciousness 0 Alert; keenly responsive.
1 Not alert; but arousable by minor stimulation.
2 Not alert; requires repeated stimulation to attend.
2 Not alert; obtunded and requires strong/painful stimulation to make not stereotyped movements.
3 Unresponsive or responds only with reflex motor or autonomic effects.
Ask month and age (no help) 0 Answers both questions correctly.
1 Answers one question correctly.
2 Answers neither question correctly.
1 Intubated, orotracheal trauma, dysarthria, language barrier, etc.
2 Aphasic; Stuporous and not comprehending.
Ask to open/close eyes and grip/release hand (phantomime allowed) 0 Performs both tasks correctly.
1 Performs one task correctly.
2 Performs neither task correctly.
Best horizontal Gaze 0 Normal.
1 Partial gaze palsy; gaze is abnormal in one or both eyes and can be overcome.
1 Isolated peripheral nerve paresis (CN III, IV, or VI).
2 Forced deviation or total gaze paresis not overcome by the oculocephalic maneuver.
Visual 0 No visual loss.
1 Partial hemianopia.
2 Complete hemianopia.
3 Bilateral hemianopia.
3 Blindness including cortical blindness.
Facial Palsy 0 Normal symmetric movements.
1 Minor paralysis (flattened nasolabial fold, asymmetry on smiling).
2 Partial paralysis of lower face.
3 Complete paralysis (upper/lower face) of one or both sides.
Left arm motor drift 0 No drift for 10 seconds.
1 Drift without hitting bed before 10 seconds.
2 Drift to bed before 10 seconds.
3 Falls with no effort against gravity.
4 No movement.
0 Untestable: Amputation or joint fusion.
Right arm motor drift 0 No drift for 10 seconds.
1 Drift without hitting bed before 10 seconds.
2 Drift to bed before 10 seconds.
3 Falls with no effort against gravity.
4 No movement.
0 Untestable: Amputation or joint fusion.
Left leg motor drift 0 No drift for 5 seconds.
1 Drift without hitting bed before 5 seconds.
2 Drift to bed before 5 seconds.
3 Falls with no effort against gravity.
4 No movement.
0 Untestable: Amputation or joint fusion.
Right leg motor drift 0 No drift for 5 seconds.
1 Drift without hitting bed before 5 seconds.
2 Drift to bed before 5 seconds.
3 Falls with no effort against gravity.
4 No movement.
0 Untestable: Amputation or joint fusion.
Limb Ataxia 0 Absent; Can't understand; Paralyzed.
1 Present in one limb.
2 Present in two limbs.
0 Untestable: Amputation or joint fusion.
Sensory 0 Normal; no sensory loss.
1 Mild-to-moderate sensory loss; patient feels pinprick is less sharp or dull; Aware of being touched.
2 Severe to total sensory loss; Not aware of being touched.
2 Coma; No response and quadriplegic.
Best Language 0 No aphasia; normal.
1 Mild-to-moderate aphasia; some obvious loss of comprehension, without significant limitation.
2 Severe aphasia: fragmentary expression; need for inference, questioning, guessing by listener.
3 Coma, Mute, global aphasia; no usable speech or auditory comprehension.
Dysarthria 0 Normal.
1 Mild or moderate dysarthria; slurred or slow speech; .
2 Severe dysarthria; near unintelligible or worse.
0 Intubated or other physical barrier.
Extinction and Inattention 0 No abnormality.
1 Visual, tactile, auditory, spatial, or personal inattention.
1 Extinction to bilateral simultaneous stimulation in one modality.
2 Profound hemi-inattention; Extinction in >1 modality.
0
Score Assessment
0 No stroke symptoms.
1-4 Minor stroke.
5-15 Moderate stroke.
16-20 Moderate to severe stroke.
21-42 Severe stroke.

#PADUA Prediction Score

Source: Barbar S, et al. (2010)

PADUA score predicts the risk of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients.

Criteria Points ✅
Active cancer (metastatic or chemoradiotherapy in last 6 months) 3
Previous VTE (excluding superficial vein thrombosis) 3
Reduced mobility (bedrest with bathroom privileges for ≥3 days) 3
Known thrombophilic condition 3
Recent (within 1 month) trauma or surgery 2
Age ≥ 70 years 1
Heart and/or respiratory failure 1
Acute myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke 1
Acute infection or rheumatologic disorder 1
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) 1
Ongoing hormonal treatment 1
0
Score Risk Recommendation
0-3 Low risk of VTE Pharmagological prevention NOT indicated, consider use of mechanical VTE prophylaxis
≥4 High risk of VTE Pharmagological prevention is indicated; In case of a high risk of bleeding consider use of mechanical VTE prophylaxis

#PERC Rule

Source: Kline JA, et al. (2008)

The PERC Rule is designed to safely exclude pulmonary embolism in patients with low clinical suspicion without the need for D-dimer testing or advanced imaging.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Age < 50 years 1 Patient is younger than 50 years
Pulse < 100 beats/min 1 Heart rate is less than 100 beats per minute
SaO2 > 94% 1 Oxygen saturation is greater than 94%
No unilateral leg swelling 1 Absence of unilateral leg swelling
No hemoptysis 1 Absence of coughing up blood or blood-streaked sputum
No recent trauma or surgery 1 No surgery or trauma within the last 4 weeks
No prior PE or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 1 No history of PE or DVT
No hormone use 1 No use of exogenous estrogen (e.g., birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy)
0
Score Assessment
8 Low risk for pulmonary embolism. Consider not testing further.
0-7 Cannot safely rule out PE using PERC alone.

#PHQ-9

Source: Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. (2001)

The PHQ-9 is a tool used to screen for depression and measure its severity.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Little interest or pleasure in doing things? 0 Not at all
1 Several days
2 More than half the days
3 Nearly every day
Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless? 0 Not at all
1 Several days
2 More than half the days
3 Nearly every day
Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much? 0 Not at all
1 Several days
2 More than half the days
3 Nearly every day
Feeling tired or having little energy? 0 Not at all
1 Several days
2 More than half the days
3 Nearly every day
Poor appetite or overeating? 0 Not at all
1 Several days
2 More than half the days
3 Nearly every day
Feeling bad about yourself or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down? 0 Not at all
1 Several days
2 More than half the days
3 Nearly every day
Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television? 0 Not at all
1 Several days
2 More than half the days
3 Nearly every day
Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed. Or the opposite; being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual? 0 Not at all
1 Several days
2 More than half the days
3 Nearly every day
Thoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself? 0 Not at all
1 Several days
2 More than half the days
3 Nearly every day
0
Score Severity
0-4 Minimal depression
5-9 Mild depression
10-14 Moderate depression
15-19 Moderately severe depression
20-27 Severe depression

#qSOFA Score

Source: Seymour CW, et al. (2016)

Used as a bedside prompt to identify patients with suspected infection who are at greater risk for a poor outcome outside the ICU. It focuses on three criteria to evaluate these patients.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Respiratory rate ≥ 22/min 1 Increased respiratory rate
Altered mentation 1 Glasgow Coma Scale < 15 or any reduction from baseline
Systolic blood pressure ≤ 100 mm Hg 1 Reduced systolic blood pressure
0
Score Assessment
0-1 Low risk of sepsis-associated mortality
2-3 High risk of sepsis-associated mortality

#Ranson's Criteria

Source: Ranson JH, et al. (1974)

Ranson's Criteria is used to predict the severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis. It is based on clinical and laboratory parameters.

Criteria Points ✅
On Admission
Age > 55 years 1
White blood cell count > 16,000 cells/mm³ 1
Blood glucose > 200 mg/dL 1
Serum AST > 250 IU/L 1
Serum LDH > 350 IU/L 1
48 Hours Into Admission
Hematocrit decrease > 10% 1
Blood urea nitrogen increase > 5 mg/dL 1
Calcium < 8 mg/dL during first 48 hours 1
Arterial PO2 < 60 mmHg during first 48 hours 1
Base deficit > 4 mEq/L during first 48 hours 1
Fluid sequestration > 6 L during first 48 hours 1
0
Score Assessment
0-2 Low risk of mortality (1%).
3-4 Intermediate risk of mortality (15-20%).
5-6 High risk of mortality (40%).
>6 Very high risk of mortality (100%).

#Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI)

Source: Goldman L, et al. (1977)

The RCRI estimates the risk of major cardiac complications after non-cardiac surgery.

Criteria Points Description ✅
High-risk surgery 1 Intraperitoneal, intrathoracic, or suprainguinal vascular procedures
Ischemic heart disease 1 History of myocardial infarction, history of positive exercise test, current complaint of chest pain considered to be secondary to myocardial ischemia, use of nitrate therapy, or ECG with pathologic Q waves
Congestive heart failure 1 History of heart failure or clinical signs such as bilateral rales, third heart sound, or jugular venous distention
Cerebrovascular disease 1 History of transient ischemic attack or stroke
Diabetes mellitus requiring insulin therapy 1 Preoperative treatment with insulin
Serum creatinine >2.0 mg/dL 1 Preoperative serum creatinine greater than 2.0 mg/dL or 176.8 µmol/L
0
Score Risk
0 3.9% risk of major cardiac complication
1 6% risk of major cardiac complication
2 10.1% risk of major cardiac complication
≥3 15% risk of major cardiac complication

#SOFA Score

Source: Vincent JL, et al. (1996)

Used to track a patient's status during the ICU stay. It provides information on the level of dysfunction or failure of six organ systems.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Respiration: PaO2/FiO2 (mm Hg) 0 ≥400
1 <400
2 <300
2 <200 without respiratory support
3 <200 with respiratory support
4 <100 with respiratory support
Coagulation: Platelets (x10^3/μL) 0 ≥150
1 <150
2 <100
3 <50
4 <20
Liver: Bilirubin (mg/dL) 0 <1.2
1 1.2-1.9
2 2.0-5.9
3 6.0-11.9
4 ≥12.0
Cardiovascular: Mean arterial pressure or use of vasopressors (µg/kg/min) 0 MAP ≥70 mmHg
1 MAP <70 mmHg
2 Dopamine ≤5 or dobutamine (any dose)
3 Dopamine >5 but ≤15 or epinephrine ≤0.1 or norepinephrine ≤0.1
4 Dopamine >15 or epinephrine >0.1 or norepinephrine >0.1
CNS: Glasgow Coma Scale 0 15
1 13-14
2 10-12
3 6-9
4 <6
Renal: Creatinine (mg/dL) or urine output 0 <1.2
1 1.2-1.9
2 2.0-3.4
3 3.5-4.9 or <500 mL/d
4 ≥5 or <200 mL/d
0

#TIMI Score for STEMI

Source: Morrow DA, et al. (2000)

The TIMI Risk Score for STEMI is used to predict 30-day mortality in patients with STEMI.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Age 0 < 65 years
2 65-74 years
3 ≥ 75 years
Systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg 3
Heart rate >100 beats/min 2
Killip class II-IV 2
Diabetes, hypertension or angina 1
Weight <67 kg 1
Anterior MI or left bundle-branch block (LBBB) 1
Time to treatment >4 hours 1
0
Score 30-Day Mortality
0 0.8%
1 1.6%
2 2.2%
3 4.4%
4 7.3%
5 12.4%
6 16.1%
7 23.4%
8 26.8%
≥9 35.9%

#TIMI Score for UA/NSTEMI

Source: Antman EM, et al. (2000)

Used to determine the risk of death, new or recurrent MI, or need for urgent revascularization in the first 14 days after presentation for patients with unstable angina or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction.

Criteria Points Description ✅
Age ≥ 65 years 1 Patient is 65 years old or older
At least 3 risk factors for coronary artery disease 1 Including family history, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, or smoking
Known coronary artery disease (≥50% stenosis) 1 Presence of significant coronary stenosis
Use of aspirin in the last 7 days 1 Patient has taken aspirin in the past week
Severe angina within the past 24 hours 1 Patient has had ≥2 anginal episodes within the last day
Positive cardiac markers 1 Elevated troponin or CK-MB levels
ST changes ≥0.5mm 1 ST-segment depression or transient elevation on EKG
0
Score Assessment
0-1 4.7% risk of adverse event
2 8.3% risk of adverse event
3 13.2% risk of adverse event
4 19.9% risk of adverse event
5 26.2% risk of adverse event
6-7 40.9% risk of adverse event

#Wells Criteria for DVT

Source: Wells PS, et al. (2003)

Used to determine the likelihood of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A low score might indicate a need for D-dimer testing, whereas a high score might lead directly to imaging.

Criteria Points ✅
Active cancer (or treatment within last 6 months) 1
Paralysis, paresis, or recent plaster immobilization of lower extremities 1
Recently bedridden for 3 days or more, or major surgery within 12 weeks 1
Localized tenderness along the distribution of the deep venous system 1
Entire leg swollen 1
Calf swelling by more than 3 cm compared to the asymptomatic leg (Measured 10 cm below tibial tuberosity) 1
Pitting edema, confined to symptomatic leg 1
Collateral superficial veins (non-varicose) 1
Previously documented DVT 1
Alternative diagnosis as likely as or more likely than DVT -2
0
Score Risk
≤0 Low
1-2 Moderate
≥3 High

#Wells Criteria for PE

Source: Wells PS, et al. (2001)

Wells Criteria for PE estimates the pre-test probability of pulmonary embolism.

Criteria Points ✅
Clinical signs and symptoms of DVT 3
An alternative diagnosis is less likely than PE 3
Heart rate >100 bpm 1.5
Immobilization for 3 days or more, or surgery in previous 4 weeks 1.5
Previous DVT or PE 1.5
Hemoptysis 1
Malignancy with treatment in the last 6 months or palliative 1
0
Score Recommendation
≤4 Consider D-dimer to rule out PE if negative.
>4 Consider diagnostic imaging (e.g., CT pulmonary angiography).
Score Risk
<2 Low
2-6 Moderate
>6 High